1. Hollow floors and raised floors
Hollow floors are shell structures built on adjustable pedestals with heights ranging from 20 to 220 millimetres, forming the flooring subfloor. For soft flooring types, the floor finish is applied directly onto the gypsum or gypsum-fibre construction boards of the shell. For hard flooring solutions, a gypsum screed is first installed on a PE separation foil.
Unlike hollow floors which are non-demountable, raised floors are constructions that can be dismantled without damage - so elements can be removed inpidually at any time.The 60 × 60 centimetre floor panels rest on height-adjustable metal pedestals and can be finished with any desired covering, either factory-applied or installed on site. For heavier loads or greater heights, metal bracing rods connecting the pedestals provide additional reinforcement. In the hollow space beneath the raised floor - ranging from 35 to 1,200 millimetres in height - mechanical services, cables, ventilation systems, and other components can be accommodated.
2. Ceiling coverings and drop ceilings
Ceiling coverings and drop ceilings can be part of the floor and ceiling layer structure. Ceiling coverings refer to claddings attached either to the underside of the ceiling or to a supporting framework, while their construction technology is similar to that of wall claddings.
Drop ceilings are suspended self-supporting shell structures composed of a metal framework suspended on metal rods with the cladding attached to it. The typically two-way grid system may be a simple, multi-level design or a single-level system consisting of main runner and cross tee beams. Cladding can generally be installed as a non-removable, homogeneous surface, for example, by using ceiling boards.
Another frequently used technology is the ceiling tile system, where the cladding surface is created from square-shaped ceiling boards inserted between T- or Z-profile tee bars, typically arranged in a 60-centimetre grid. The grid may be designed with exposed or concealed tee bars. In both cases, the ceiling can be constructed so that it is fully dismountable.
Linear metal ceilings with a single-direction support framework are commonly used in industrial applications. Long metal sheets are slid transversely into the longitudinal carrier profiles, giving the cladding a characteristic strip-like appearance.